Ethical Leadership in Organizations Essay Example for Free

Moral Leadership in Organizations Essay Moral administration is initiative that is engaged with driving in a way that regards the rights and nobility of others. As pioneers are ordinarily in a place of social force, moral administration centers around how pioneers utilize their social force in the choices they make, activities they take part in and ways they impact others. Pioneers who are moral exhibit a degree of respectability that is significant for invigorating a feeling of pioneer dependability, which is significant for devotees to acknowledge the vision of the pioneer. Pioneers who are moral are individuals situated, and furthermore mindful of how their choices sway others, and utilize their social capacity to serve everyone's benefit rather than self-serving interests. Rousing devotees to put the requirements or interests of the gathering in front of their own is another nature of moral pioneers. Inspiring includes drawing in others in a scholarly and enthusiastic responsibility among pioneers and devotees that makes the two gatherings similarly mindful in the quest for a shared objective. Moral administration falls inside the nexus of moving, invigorating, and visionary pioneer practices that make up transformational and charming initiative. Moral pioneers help adherents in increasing a feeling of individual fitness that permits them to act naturally adequate by empowering and engaging them. What is Ethical Leadership? One commonplace reaction to the â€Å"ethics crisis† in business is a clarion call for more â€Å"ethical leadership,† yet there are scarcely any clarifications of what precisely is implied by the term. Numerous officials and business masterminds accept that moral administration is just an issue of pioneers having great character. By having â€Å"the right values† or being an individual of â€Å"strong character,† the moral chief can set the model for other people and withstand any allurements that may happen en route. Without preventing the significance from claiming great character and the correct qualities, the truth of moral initiative is unmistakably progressively unpredictable and the stakes are a lot higher. In the course of recent years, in conversing with officials in various enterprises about the issues of how to lead in a universe of extraordinary changeâ€globalization, democratization, and mind boggling innovative advancesâ€we have recognized various touchstones for the possibility of â€Å"ethical leadership.† Our experience is frequently in opposition to the image of business administrators one finds in open conversation where they are regularly observed as avaricious, serious, and just worried about pay. Truth be told most officials need to be compelling in their employments and to leave their organizations and the world a superior spot, making an incentive on the two fronts for those whose lives they influence. Our perspective on moral authority considers the pioneer as well as his constituents (devotees and key partners), the specific circumstance or circumstance that the pioneer and constituents face, the leader’s procedures and abilities, and the results that outcome. Pioneers are as a matter of first importance individuals from their own associations and partner gatherings. Thusly, their motivation, vision, and qualities are to serve the whole association and its key partners. â€Å"Leaders consider their to be as devotees, yet rather as partners endeavoring to accomplish that equivalent normal reason, vision, and qualities. These devotee and partner constituents have their own singularity and self-sufficiency which must be regarded to keep up a good community.† Moral pioneers typify the reason, vision, and estimations of the association and of the constituents, inside a comprehension of moral beliefs. They associate the objectives of the association with that of the interior representatives and outside partners. Pioneers work to make an open, two-way discussion, in this manner keeping up a beneficent comprehension of various perspectives, values, and constituents’ suppositions. They are available to others’ conclusions and thoughts since they realize those thoughts make the association they are driving better. Qualities of Ethical Leaders In today’s tempestuous world, morals and qualities are available at various levels for officials and managersâ€leaders who commit their time and vitality to driving the procedure of significant worth creation. This more extensive idea of moral initiative enables pioneers to consolidate and be express about their own qualities and morals. The accompanying rundown gives a structure to creating moral administration. It depends on the perceptions of and discussions with a large group of administrators and understudies in the course of recent years, and on readings of both well known and academic business writing. Composed from the point of view of the pioneer, these ten aspects of moral pioneers offer an approach to comprehend moral administration that is more mind boggling and more helpful than simply an issue of â€Å"good character and values.† â€Å"It is significant for pioneers to tell a convincing and ethically rich story, however moral pioneers should likewise typify and live the story. This is a troublesome assignment in today’s business condition where everybody lives in a fishbowlâ€on open presentation. Such a large number of political pioneers neglect to epitomize the noble stories they tell at political race time, and all the more as of late, business pioneers have become the focal point of comparative analysis through the disclosures of various outrages and terrible practices. Chiefs in today’s partnerships are extremely moral good examples for all of society.† 1. Well-spoken and epitomize the reason and estimations of the association. Following a progression of dishonest exercises by Citigroup representatives in Japan in 2004, new CEO Chuck Prince terminated a few administrators, openly acknowledged obligation and bowed contritely to Japanese authorities. In addition to the fact that Prince’s messaged resound inside Japan, however it additionally flagged another time of â€Å"shared responsibility† inside the way of life of Citigroup where each worker was relied upon to take proprietorship for their choices that influenced the venture. 2. Concentrate on hierarchical achievement instead of on close to home sense of self. Moral pioneers comprehend their place inside the bigger system of constituents and partners. It isn't about the pioneer as an individual, it is tied in with something biggerâ€the objectives and dreams of the association. Moral pioneers likewise perceive that worth is in the achievement of individuals in the association. In 1998, in a striking motion exhibiting how he esteemed the company’s line workers, Roger Enrico, previous Chairman and CEO of PepsiCo, decided to forego everything except $1 of his pay, mentioning that PepsiCo, thus, contribute $1 million to a grant support for employees’ kids. Likewise, the originators of JetBlue started a procedure of coordinating, from their compensations, worker gifts to a cause. Today, their whole pay rates go to the JetBlue Crewmember Catastrophic Plan noble cause, to help staff with emergencies not secured by protection. The purpose of these models isn't that moral heads give their compensations to good cause, yet rather that moral chiefs recognize and follow up on switches, for example, representative dependability, that drive hierarchical achievement. 3. Locate the best individuals and create them. This undertaking is genuinely standard in various models of administration. Moral pioneers give extraordinary consideration to finding and building up the best individuals accurately on the grounds that they consider it to be a good imperativeâ€helping them to have better existences that make more an incentive for themselves and for other people. Finding the best individuals includes considering morals and character in the choice procedure. â€Å"Ethical pioneers give extraordinary consideration to finding and building up the best people† Numerous CEOs have said to us that judging someone’s respectability is unmistakably more significant than assessing their experience and aptitudes. However, in numerous associations, workers are employed to fill a specific expertise need with little respect to issues of trustworthiness. 4. Make a living discussion about morals, values and the production of significant worth for partners. Over and over again business officials believe that having a covered â€Å"values card† in their wallet or having a simply consistence way to deal with morals has understood the â€Å"ethics problem.† Suffice it to state that Enron and other disturbed organizations had these frameworks set up. What they didn’t have was a discussion over all degrees of the business where the essentials of significant worth creation, partner standards and cultural desires were routinely talked about and discussed. There is a false notion that qualities and morals are the â€Å"soft, squishy† part of the board. Nothing could be further from reality. In associations that have a live discussion about morals and qualities, individuals consider each other dependable and responsible about whether they are truly experiencing the qualities. Also, they anticipate that the pioneers of the association should do likewise. Breathing life into such a discussion implies, that individuals must know about other options, must pick each day to remain with the association and its motivation since it is significant and moves them. Making a solid duty to breathing life into this discussion is basic to do on the off chance that one is to lead morally. A great many people know the tale of Johnson and Johnson’s previous CEO Jim Burke and the Tylenol item review during the 1980s in which, at an incredible momentary budgetary cost, he pulled all conceivably messed with items off the racks, in this manner keeping the public’s trust flawless. The less notable foundation to this story, notwithstanding, is basic to understanding the ultimate result. A long time before the Tylenol emergency hit, Johnson had held a progression of â€Å"challenge meetings† all around the globe, where directors sat and discussed their â€Å"Credo,† an announcement of their motivation and standards of who they needed to be as an organization. The discussion about ethic

Social Change Research Paper Essay Example

Social Change Research Paper Essay Social change brings enduring change of the social association or development (in the sociological feeling) of an organization. In free example social change inquire about papers you may locate the accompanying definitions: Social change (or cultural) is â€Å"any detectable change after some time, influencing, in a way that is anything but an impermanent or vaporous, structure or capacity of the social association of a specific network and changes the its history.† The course of the historical backdrop of the organization is influenced by these progressions with, for instance, the advancement of independence, changes in social connections, regard any settled chains of importance, and so on. The auxiliary segments of social association that can manage changes, for instance, the structure of the work power (by area of movement, by occupation, and so on.), the significance of urbanization, and so forth. The components of the working of social association that may change and achieve social change are, for instance, decides that permit society to sort out (in the family, organizations, a school , and so on.), the nature of socialization and social control (pretty much goal) types of social guideline (exchanging markets, enormous or little), and so forth. Are there joins among advancement and social change? Indeed †¦ by definition (see meaning of advancement): the improvement procedure is joined by social change. Are there joins among development and social change? Truly, there are. Models. To begin with, development is joined by an adjustment in the idea of creation, so the living (contrasted with the nature and mechanical advancement, urbanization) and along these lines of social control, work (partition of the spot work and spot of family life), so the social structure and types of aggregate ID (regular workers, and so on.). At that point social change advances development by wrecking social hindrances to development. Urbanization advances independence, the quest for material prosperity, which prompts the improvement of the beneficial action and along these lines creation strategies. Likewise, the improvement of enterprise, specialized advancement, development advances d evelopment. An occasion, a news thing, doesn't establish a social truth (it might now and again be delegate); Similarly, changes that may seem significant, must be placed into point of view: for instance, urbanization has been a critical social change in created nations, â€Å"suburbanization† has not delivered and won't produce similar changes! We will compose a custom article test on Social Change Research Paper explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Social Change Research Paper explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Social Change Research Paper explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We recognize exogenous variables, (for example, specialized or financial reasons, segment reasons, the rise of new qualities) and endogenous elements (job of social clashes, developing a current incentive as the inclination to balance) in clarification of social change. The results of industrialization yet in addition the outcomes of populace development that expands social connections, and makes progressively associated and correlative the people. Weber centers around the rise of new qualities (conceived Protestantism: material achievement is an indication of the political decision, not every person doesn't go to paradise in opposition to what the tune says!!) Influencing people searching for flawlessness in financial exercises (subsequently reserve funds, speculation and monetary development). Utilize free model social change look into papers to learn better the fundamental parts of the theme. Is it accurate to say that you are searching for a first rate custom research paper about Social Change? Is classification as critical to you as the high caliber of the item? Attempt our composing administration at EssayLib.com! We can offer you proficient help at reasonable rates. Our accomplished PhD and Master’s scholars are prepared to consider your littlest requests. We promise you 100% validness of your paper and guarantee you of dead on time conveyance. Continue with the request structure:

Self Concept Essay -- essays research papers

Self-idea rises as a youngster builds up an undeniably rich idea of oneself, isolating the thought of â€Å"I† from others and items. Notwithstanding he idea of â€Å"I† a youngster builds up a different thought of â€Å"Me† which has certain characterizing highlights and characteristics. William James characterized â€Å"Me† as one that is watched and seen. â€Å"It is the Me that one sees when consideration is centered around oneself, the Me as an article, spoke to in self-ideas, by they way we see ourselves.† The idea of â€Å"I† is spoken to by activities of a person. The â€Å"I† self-directs, self-screens, and presents the self to others in most proper manner. Self-ideas include a combination and association of a colossal measure of data. The self-ideas are used with the individual’s past encounters just as their future inclinations. The person who figures out how to perform all the more capability accomplishes more delight and is likewise prone to grow increasingly uplifting perspectives toward oneself. When one can defeat fears and upsetting emotions, one will turn out to be increasingly certain accordingly. Assessment of one’s conduct may assume a noteworthy job on how the individual sees himself. Pundits of social treatment note that individuals may endure not on the grounds that their conduct is lacking but since they assess it inappropriately. A few people have issues with misshaped self-ideas more than with execution. These misshaped self-ideas can be viewed as an individual names himself a...

Annointed Bibiography Essay Samples - How They Can Help You to Study Better

Annointed Bibiography Essay Samples - How They Can Help You to Study BetterAnnointed Bibiography Essay samples have a lot of things to offer. They can be used for your work that is not related to the religious field and can also be used as an academic field. So let's take a look at some of the advantages.While taking your examination, it is very important to have examples to read. This is because you will find that there are numerous studies available that do not have any examples. When the person using these has to take notes and write his answers he has to improvise without knowing the exact answers. This happens quite often because there are a lot of similar questions on the paper.This makes it more difficult for him to do this if he is not provided with examples for every question. It is only if you have some official documentation that he can understand the study material and write an answer that is correct.Even though you will find it hard to write the entire test paper with no examples, it is much easier for you to write the answers because the most relevant questions are the ones which do not have any examples. When you take the essay samples you will find that they have answers to all of the questions that you will have and this is the reason why they are very helpful.The free sample will be helpful for you, because the answers to the questions will be quite similar to the questions that you will have. Since it is free, you can use it as much as you want. If you are worried about how much you can use it for, you can be assured that you will find yourself using it all through your exam.So, what are the advantages of using the essay samples? Well, there are more than you would think. As mentioned earlier the free samples are very helpful and they are free as well.As a student, there are many other things that you would want to get from an essay samples and one of them is the possibility of knowing the topics that you will have on your paper. With the fre e sample you will know what the topics are and how to find the information on the essay. Also the fact that you have already prepared answers for all of the questions on the paper will be very helpful.

A Comparative Econometric Analysis Of Museum Attendance By...

looking for causes, how listeners make their decisions to attend and how they critique or respond to performances. Secondly, their approach is correlational that to seek qualitative insight on the experiences of the EJBF audiences. Lastly, they focus on attendances’ perceptions and observe behavior by participating in the events and gaining first hand experiences. Broadly speaking, the authors conduct qualitative research although there are still small amounts of quantitative data of showing ages of respondents and previous festival attendance. In the paper, â€Å"A Comparative Econometric Analysis of Museum Attendance by Locals and Foreigners: The Case of Padua and Seville’’ the researchers convey case studies which were the ‘’ Musei Civici degli Eremitani’’ of Padua and the ‘’Museo de Bellas Artes’’ of Seville. They handed out questionnaires and conducted survey, analyzing a variety of socio-demographic and economic characteristics of visitors by using large quantities of data. Apart from using primary sources which were demonstrated by their obtained data and statistics, the authors also examined the previous study which gained from â€Å"official statistics on attendance, courtesy of the museums’ management’’ to analyze visitors’ participation to EM in Padua and MBA in Seville from 1995 to 2005. Analyzing two similar institutions located in different cities, Padua and Seville respectively, the authors obviously used compara tive research in this study. It is defined comparative

The Is Worth A Tinkers Damn Is The History We Make Today

â€Å"The only history that is worth a tinker s damn is the history we make today.† Henry Ford made this statement somewhere along the line of his entrepreneurial adventures. Its great men like him that have truly shown us the success of the entrepreneur and sparked my interest. When writing this paper I had two specific goals. First to define what an entrepreneur is by defining what an entrepreneur is; in addition, outlining the types and common characteristics. Second is to allow you the reader to grasp an understanding of what attracts such a crowd to this way of making a living. I hope by the end of the paper you have a better understanding of entrepreneurs, and see how they are an interesting breed that drastically changes our lives in ways and on such a grand scale. Great entrepreneurs are made not born and never be duplicated. It’s very important when to truly understand these entrepreneurs and what attracts others to follow in their footsteps that we truly unde rstand what an entrepreneur is and does. According to our book Boon and Kurtz contemporary Business an entrepreneur is defined as â€Å"someone who is a risk taker in the private enterprise system, a person who seeks a profitable opportunity and takes the necessary risks to set up and operate a business.† While this definition is adequate for describing the general idea that is an entrepreneur there is a deeper defining characteristics of these barons of business. We begin seeing the basic makeup of an entrepreneur inShow MoreRelatedBrave New World Double Entry Journals Essay2092 Words   |  9 Pagescould be successful is for it to be of the people not for them. The revolution can’t be in our society, but instead, in us. | Pg. 11 â€Å"Nothing like oxygen-shortage for keeping an embryo below par.† | It seems unnecessary for the people of BNW to make social classes; won’t social classes always exist? People are not born equal in intelligence or ability in the natural world. What advantage do these â€Å"scientists† think is given by prearranging what each person will be capable of? | Pg.29 â€Å"They’llRead MoreSpeech to Persuade for Travel9677 Words   |  39 Pagesthink its time for our country to start what will inevitably a long debate about fewer hours in the work week. Every time in our history we’ve shortened the working week, one of the key issues was a growing surplus of labor that needed to be soaked up. We’ve addressed that through longer vacations, earlier retirements, and fewer working hours in the week. Well, we look to be heading into a medium to long term period of pretty high surplus labor. Unemployment rates are moving over 10% and they’re

Australian Commercial Law IRAC Analysis

Question: Write about theAustralian Commercial Lawfor IRAC Analysis. Answer: Hello! While studying about the Contract Law for this semester, a case by the name of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1 was discussed. This particular case has been referred to under the heading of offer, which is deemed as one of the essential elements in the formation of a contract. In this video, the IRAC analysis of this case has been made, but before that the background of this case has been highlighted. Background In the matter of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company was the defendant, which had formed a product by the name of smoke ball (Swarb, 2016). This smoke ball was stated to be the cure for a disease known as influenza, along with for a range of different diseases. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company published an advertisement in the newspaper which claimed that a sum of 100 would be paid to any such individual, who would fall sick with this disease of influenza, even after using the smoke ball manufactured by the company, as per the instructions which were covered in the advertisement (Stone, 2005). This advertisement was seen by Mrs. Carlill and she purchased one of the smoke balls. She then used the purchased smoke ball for three ties in a day for a period of around two months. After this period, i.e., on January 17th, 1892, she contracted flu. And so, as per the advertisement, she made a claim of 100 from the company. Two of the letters sent by Mrs. Carlills husband, who was a solicitor, were ignored by the company (Dosen et al. 2013). When a third request was made regarding the claim for the earned reward, the company replied that if the smoke ball had been used properly, the same would not have resulted in the individual contracting influenza. However, they agreed to hear the claims made by Carlill, so as to be safeguarded from the fraudulent claims, they agreed to hear her side of the story. And they also required her to use the ball in their office daily, which would be overlooked by the secretary (Marson Ferris, 2015). A claim was brought forward by the plaintiff in the court of law. She claimed that the advertisement and reliance supported the notion that a contract was formed between her and the company. And so, the company had to pay her the contractual obligation. However, it was argued by the company that there was an absence of a serious contract (Pathak, 2013). Issue Whether a contract was formed or not, due to the lack of clarity regarding an offer being made? Whether the offer was made to the entire world, or not? Rule A contract depicts the exchange of a promise between the parties, who come together to create legal relations, whereby an activity or task is done by one side, and the other side pays an amount or value of consideration, for the work undertaken. An offer and acceptance, accompanied by consideration, in addition to clarity, intent and capacity have to be present, for the formation of a lawfully binding contract (Gibson Fraser, 2013). When a unilateral offer is made, the same can be accepted by any such individual, who came across such an offer. And to attain if the acceptance has actually been given in the matter, the conduct of the so-called accepting party, has to be evaluated. This very performance of the terms of the contract acts as the base of acceptance in cases of unilateral offer. Moreover, as a unilateral offer is made, the same is made to the whole world to accept and so, can be accepted by anyone; instead of a bilateral offer, where the offer has to be accepted by the party to which the offer was made (Blum, 2007). Application In this particular case, an offer was made by the company, which could be accepted by anyone in the entire world. The acceptance had to be attained from the conduct of the other party, whereby the individual who purchased the smoke ball and consumed it as per the instructions, would be deemed to have acted on the offer and hence, accepted the same. In this matter, there was no need of communicating the intention of accepting the offer, as the acceptance was deemed through the complete performance of the terms of the offer (E-Law Resources, 2017). Conclusion On the basis of this, it can be easily concluded that a contract was formed, due to the presence of a unilateral offer, which was made to the entire world. And the acceptance of the same could be acknowledged from the performance of the terms of the contract. Hence, Carbolic Smoke Ball Company would be liable to pay the promised sum of 100 to Mrs. Carlill. References Blum, B. (2007). Contracts: Examples Explanations (5th ed.). New York: Aspen Publishers. Dosen, A., Ballantyne, T., Brumpton, M., Gibson, K., Harris, Lippingwell, S. (2013). Investigating Legal Studies for Queensland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. E-Law Resources. (2017). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256 Court of Appeal. Retrieved from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Carlill-v-Carbolic-Smoke-Ball-Co.php Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2013). Business Law 2014 (5th ed.). New South Wales: Pearson Australia. Marson, J., Ferris, K. (2015). Business Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pathak, A. (2013). Legal Aspects of Business (5th ed.). New Delhi: McGraw Hill. Stone, R. (2005). The Modern Law of Contract (6th ed.). London: Psychology Press. Swarb. (2016). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co: CA 7 Dec 1892. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/carlill-v-carbolic-smoke-ball-co-ca-7-dec-1892/

AP American History Essays - Irish Diaspora, Irish Genealogy

AP American History Early American Nationalism and Reform The rise of immigration in the mid 17th century lead to a spirit of national reform in the United States. Many Europeans, particularly the Irish and the German, immigrated to America during the 1800s. There were many different reasons for their immigration, and when they came they influenced American culture greatly. The United States changed religiously, because of the German and Irish, politically because of the German and Irish, and economically/socially by virtue of the conflicts between the Irish and the blacks and the influence of the Germans on education. When the Germans and the Irish immigrated to America, they greatly affected us religiously. With the enormous inflow of the Irish and the Germans in the 1840s and 1850s, the Roman Catholics became the powerful religious group. Seeking to protect their children form Protestant education in the public schools, these Roman Catholics began to construct a separate Catholic educational system. This was enormously expensive for the poor immigrant community, but revealed the strength of its religious commitment. ?Native? Americans were concerned that this ?alien riffraff? would establish the Catholic Church at the expense of Protestantism. The Americans formed a party known as the ?Know-Nothing? party, given its name because it was so secretive. This party wanted rigid restrictions on naturalization and immigration and laws allowing the deportation of aliens. This group also caused occasional mob violence against the Catholic schools and churches. This lead to national reform because the Iri sh and the Germans had, in a way, created a new dominant religion, and helped create more religious diversity. The Irish and the Germans were extremely influential in American politics. The Irish possessed an extreme hatred for the British. As the Irish increased their population in the United States to nearly two million, politicians often found it politically beneficial to insult and ridicule England. Most Germans who came to America came because America was one of the brightest hopes of democracy. German liberals with their ideas about slavery and public corruption contributed to the uplift of American political life. Like the Irish, the Germans were influential voters whom the American politicians took great advantage of. However, the Germans were less influential because their strength was more widely scattered. The Irish also affected the United States economically and socially. The Irish came to America because of the horrible potato famine in Ireland. They came to America too poor to move west to buy land, equipment and livestock. Forced to live in poverty they worsened the already poor slum conditions. As competitors for jobs, the Irish fiercely hated the blacks. The Irish, along with the blacks, were at the bottom of the social ladder and competed for menial, low-income jobs. However in some cases, the Irish began to gain control of city machines, most notably, New York's Tammany Hall. Before long Irishmen dominated police departments in a considerable amount of the larger cities. This modified the American economy because now the southern plantation owners could be less reliant on slaves. Later on, this helped the southern economy because when they made the slave trade illegal, the southern plantation owners had already become less dependent on their slaves, because now they also had c heap Irish labor. The Germans helped shape American education when they emigrated form Germany. The Germans came to America better educated them the ?Native? Americans. They supported public schooling, and introduced us into one of their ideas known as kindergarten. The Germans also did many things to stimulate the learning and knowledge of arts and music. This influenced America socially by improving our education with new ideas, and better knowledge. America was greatly influenced in the 1800's by the rise of immigration, principally the Irish and the Germans. Immigration led to a spirit of national reform by affecting America politically, economically/socially, and religiously.

buy custom Feudal Relationships and Mutual Obligations of Lords and Vassals essay

buy custom Feudal Relationships and Mutual Obligations of Lords and Vassals essay From the reading regarding Henry 1 of England from Ecclesiastical History, in Western Europe, kings were highly respected in the community. They acted as the overall judge on their land. The kings had the power to deliver judgment on their subjects (Burr, 1998). All subjects were supposed to show respect for their king, and in case an individual spoke badly about the king, the king had the power to punish such a person or send the person to exile. In addition, all subjects were supposed to respect the families from which the kings came from. The king would publicly summon an individual, who would be found guilty of speaking against his brothers or other members of his family. Such an individual would be required to confess his/her offenses publicly, and then, the king would deliver his judgment depending on the seriousness of the offense committed (Burr, 1998). In the reading regarding Henry 1 of England from Ecclesiastical History, King Henry had summoned Robert of Bellecircme, accusing him, of committing several offenses against him and his brother, the duke of Normandy. Robert did not respond to the kings summon. Instead, he flew away, were he formed his own castle and sought support from his allies and relatives to defend him against the king. After engaging in unsuccessful confrontations with the kings garrison, Robert finally surrendered to the king. Using his position as the final source of judgment on the land, King Henry 1 banished Robert from his kingdom(Burr, 1998). From The Lais of Marie de France, during the Age of Invasions in Western Europe, the society was divided into two categories: the lords and the vassals. The lords were those who owned riches and wealthy, while the vassals were those people who acted as slaves or servants to the lords. Both the lords and the vassals had mutual obligations toward each other. As illustrated in The Lais of Marie De France, vassals obligation to their lords was to provide advice whenever they were faced with difficult situations. For instance, when the wife of the other wealthy man gave birth to two daughters, her damsel advised her to abandon one the daughters in a church, instead of killing her. The damsel gave the advice to her master as a way of assisting her from suffering the shame of having given birth to two children at the same time (Le Fresne, n.d.). Vassals also had an obligation to protect their lords and their properties. From the reading regarding Henry 1 of England from Ecclesiastical History, the vassals always accompanied King Henry whenever he went out either to deliver judgment to offenders, or to look for offenders. In addition, the vassals had a mutual obligation of informing their lords about all matter, which they deemed important. For instance, when Robert of Bellecircme refused to honor the kings summon and opted to escape, it is stated that a royal servant was the one who informed him about Roberts disappearaance (Burr, 1998). On the other hand, one of the lords obligations to their vassals was to ensure continuity of their generation. This means that the lords had an obligation to get married, and have children. The lords children would become the heirs of their fathers land, hence providing continuity of the lords families (Burr, 1998). In The Lais of Marie De France, when Gurun took Le Fresne as his concubine, the vassals advised him to look for a wife to marry, so that he would have children who would become the heir of his land (Le Fresne, n.d.). In addition, the lords had an obligation to listen to the advice of their vassals. For instance in the reading regarding Henry I of England from Ecclesiastical History, when a group of earls and magnates allied to Robert went to the king asking him to consider reconciliation, a group of knights allied to the king shouted loudly to the king, asking him not to consider their plead. As his obligation to his vassals, the king took the advice, and sent the earls a nd magnates away (Burr, 1998). From The Lais of Marie De France, it is clear that the Western Europe society expected women to respect men. Women would always kneel before men or present themselves in a humble manner whenever they were in presence of men. For example, during the wedding night of Le Codre, her mother knelt before her husband to beg for forgiveness, after she discovered Le Fresne was her daughter. Buy custom Feudal Relationships and Mutual Obligations of Lords and Vassals essay

Voter Turnout in Local Election Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Voter Turnout in Local Election - Research Paper Example Turnout is bad enough during the a federal election cycle, but when there are no national politics involved, that statistics get even poorer. As a result, it becomes increasingly difficult to unseat incumbents, many of whom have grown too comfortable in their position to enact meaningful change. There are other issues involved, as well, in the record low numbers of voters turning out in local elections. This paper aims to examine some of those issues, provide implications for such voter apathy should it continue, and propose possible solutions for increasing voter turnout in local elections in the future. There is a wealth of current research looking into possible reasons that local election typically draw such abysmal voter turnout year after year. Many simply blame this on voter apathy, a frustration with current politicians and government in general, or simply on a mismanagement of the election calendar, resulting in elections in off years simply not gaining the attention that the y need to in order to garner a deeper interest in local government. While the reality is that it is likely a combination of these factors that have created the problem, a solution centered on having local elections coincide with the federal cycle will likely be a quick way to improve initial voter turnout numbers. Then, attention could be directed into getting more local involvement in government and restoring trust to the people in their own political system. To begin, let us consider the state of California. Hajinal and Lewis (2003) looked at some empirical research to determine various factors that are leading to low voter turnout in elections for various mayoral and city council races. The feeling was that something needed to be done to combat these low turnout numbers in order to have a more active and politically sensitive government. The study revealed that many residents in various towns and cities throughout the state had lost faith in their local government, so they have c eased any type of involvement in their community political system, most of all among these local elections. As a result, many incumbents are running unchallenged and seemingly unabated in their quest for a career in local politics. Not only has this phenomenon resulted in voter apathy, as it is difficult to get excited about voting when there is only candidate running for various offices, but it has also cheapened the entire political process of local government. The author’s of this study concluded that many local politicians who had been in office for numerous election cycles were now unmotivated to really invoked lasting change in the community, because they had no fear of being unseated. Similar to other studies, it was also uncovered that the same incumbents were supported in every campaign by the same special interest groups who could count on the local politicians to keep voting their way on various issues. It has been little wonder that many local communities simply h ave low turnout on voting day (Hajinal & Lewis, 2003). This study employed a methodology whereby current voting data was triangulated with current events in an effort to determine what remedies could be found to help encourage higher numbers of voters to actually turn out and cast their vote on election day. The research findings and data led to the eventual conclusion that shifting local

Is market research necessary for start-up-business Discuss Essay

Is market research necessary for start-up-business Discuss - Essay Example 1998.Marketing Research, P.106, Tata McGraw-Hill ). Business is a very fluid state; its states will never be constant, ever changing from time to time. Because of these constant changes Organizations are always posed with a question, what do I do next? Little can be answered with out any data to support. The collection of such relevant data gathers high importance especially for beginners because before organizations can launch their products they can understand the feasibility of their efforts through market research. 1. Formulating the problem: The very purpose of any marketing research is to identify the problem and its relevance to the organization. An ill defined problem can mislead the entire market research because of poorly defined research objectives. Initially for beginner, problems are plenty in understanding his/her own business and the general market conditions. Question such as whom to market? What to market are the real challenges for an entrepreneur? Marketing research helps in finding solutions for these and also many other issues. The concept of four ‘p’s (product, place, price, people) needs to be answered. 2. Developing Objectives of the research: The objectives of the research should be clear and specific. The objectives should cover the questions regarding the purpose of the study, Method in which the study is to be conducted, the information needs and the sources of information. The concept to be launched into the market whether it is a product or a service needs to be tested. However it is important to decide at which phase of market research the testing can be done. Normally while launching a startup business, businessmen use market research as a launching board for the product or service. Data collected has to be collated in such a way it yields information and the information so gathered can be utilized for preparation of a research report. Normally research analysis will be based on data depicted in the form of graphs and

Principles of Environmental Science Essay Example for Free

Principles of Environmental Science Essay Principals of Environmental Science Joshua Hammack ENV/100 February 4, 2013 Christopher Bertram Principals of Environmental Science Environmental science is the relationship between the earth and all living things and organisms that use the earth’s resources to sustain life. Environmental science is also the ongoing study of the environment and all of its interconnected systems. The style of research performed by environmental scientists is very diverse. Also, environmental science is composed of many components such as geology, physics, social science, meteorology, and biology. Social science looks more at how humans and animals interact within the environment and the effects they have on one another. â€Å"Environmental scientists try to establish general principles about how the natural world functions. They use these principles to develop viable solutions to environmental problems—solutions that are based as much as possible on scientific knowledge† (M. C. , 2009). Technology and science affect the problems and solutions of today’s society both positively and negatively. Take for instance the invention of the car by Karl Friedrich Benz in 1885, (Bruno, 1997) while there was a demand for better transportation as people became more sophisticated and wanted to travel further than possible on a horse it created a demon for the environment to fight. Today, worldwide there are more than 1 billion passenger vehicles on the roadways, (Tencer, 2011) and with an increase in automobiles comes added pollution from oil, grease, petroleum, and rubber, but not only the cars produce pollution. The manufacturing does equal amounts of damage from steel mills, rubber plants and stamping plants. With growing population these numbers will begin to rise. At the same time the technologies that are contributing to the Worlds pollution problems are also being used to help solve the problem by creating means necessary to obtain valuable data to aid in the solution. For example studying marine life in the depths of the ocean would not be possible without using motorboats to reach these remote locations. The double edge sword being that the boat itself pollutes the water. Finding a balance between the neccessity of technology and the over consumption of technology is a slippery slope, but it is crucial to the sustainability of the environment. â€Å"Ecologist Garrett Hardin (1915–2003) is best known for his 1968 essay â€Å"The Tragedy of the Commons. † In it he contended that our inability to solve complex environmental problems is the result of a struggle between short-term individual welfare and long-term environmental sustainability, the ability to meet humanitys current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs† (M. C. , 2009). It is essential that society studies the sustainability of our resources not only so they can be preserved, but to aid in the prediction of growth and evolution. Some countries like the US, Canada, Japan, and Europe are highly developed countries that are consuming the majority of the worlds sustainable consumption. As the under developed countries such as Haiti, yemen, and Sudan begin to grow they will take on a larger share of the sustainable consumption. Without monitoring the development from an environmental point of view the worlds population could literally eat themselves out of house and home. â€Å"Those who dont know history are doomed to repeat it. † –Edmund Burke. Looking back through history the United States has not always been the best stewards to the land. In fact, through many mistakes the lessons of Mother Nature have been ingrained into our culture. The concept of conservation and preservation was brought about by a group of men in the mid 1800’s through the early 1900’s. Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901), Grover Cleveland (1837–1908), William McKinley (1843–1901), and Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) were all the first to use the Forest Reserve Act, this act was put into affect in 1881 which gave the president the authority to establish forest reserves on public, federally owned land (M. C. , 2009). Before this the lands in the western United States were falling victim to deforestation with 160 billion board foot of lumber being cut from 1860, just after the Civil War to 1900. Throughout history the government has been very proactive in establishing programs to help preserve and protect the natural resources. Until 1970, the voice of the environmentalist was nothing but a whisper that was only heard through two organizations, the Sierra Club and the National Wildlife Federation (M. C. , 2009). When Denis Hays, a Harvard graduate student was influenced by a former Wisconsin senator to organize the first recognized Earth Day it bacame a gateway for informing the public on sustainability, consumption and what we needed to do to preserve our environment. Eventually Earth Day became a way to show people that their little contribution to reducing their carbon footprint as much as possible was magnified greatly when coupled with others efforts. â€Å"By Earth Day 1990, the movement had spread around the world, signaling the rapid growth in environmental consciousness† (M. C. , 2009). In conclusion, it is inevitable that the world as a whole will continue to grow, the population will increase, and resources will be exhuasted. It is for that reason the human race must be aware of what is coming.

Essay --

Education is closely associated in determining a person’s life chances. Socioeconomic status (SES) plays a critical part in higher education today in America. Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to the ranking based on occupation, income and other social components like education. The inequality in college enrollments and degree completion has been a major concern in our society. The students’ SES seems to actuate the opportunities and the achievement they will fulfill in postsecondary school. Sociologists tend to acknowledge that social course is still an important aspect in today’s society. Also, it affects our life chances and choices. Education contributes to income attainment and occupational prestige. Moreover, there is an inequality between men and women from contrasting social backgrounds in terms of education, particularly in college. Education serves as a ladder to success and social mobility. In America, students from low socioeconomic status (SES) families have always been a part of the nation’s higher education and are few in number. Socioeconomic status has crucial effects on students and their performance in college. The subject of SES and how it affects college education has been debated for decades. The social ranking is parallel to whether one will succeed in college. SES insinuates more immense impact on low SES students than high SES students. Low SES students are deprived in schools due to the lack of academic environment and limit their chances of academic success in school. Those circumstances cause low SES schools to be low compliant and impose the notion that only determined and flexible students can avoid low academic achievement. Low SES students are said to be â€Å"similarly u... ...and men. Mention history of gender inequality: how history affect our society. â€Å"Let’s not forget about the history of Women’s Rights. Women are not mentioned in the Constitution†¦ There are natural differences in men and women; Women are viewed weaker and are expected to stay home, take care of the family. Also, might want to squeeze in a little detail about the role of Economics in our society. Accomplishment in college of students from different socioeconomic background varies. If the social deprivation decreases, low SES students should have similar experiences and accomplishments. Social backgrounds continue to negatively affect their college achievement if low SES students have different outcomes or lower achievements (Walpole viriya.net 2003). Different opportunities are brought about by differences of resources and status (Linkon diversityweb.org 2008).

Cultural competence Essay

This paper explores the Hmong people’s views toward medicine within the lens of their culture. It will take into account their history and also seek to explain the natural aversion these people have to most modern techniques in medicine. The Hmong people have a large immigrant population in the United States and represent unique challenges to most medical practitioners that can be used as a model to teach new methods of treating patients who may not understand western medicine. Understanding the Hmong is the first step in devising better techniques for nurses and other health professionals who seek to provide the best standard of care to all peoples in a safe, professional and cooperative way. Medical Views of the Hmong People: The Importance of Cross-Cultural Understanding As the United States becomes a more racially and ethnically diverse nation, health care systems and providers must adapt to be able to better care for patients’ with regard to their perspectives, values, and cultures. Failure to understand and manage social and cultural differences may have significant health consequences to the patient and could lead to ineffectual practices in the delivery of care. This is particularly significant in the treating of patients from the Hmong ethnic group. Whose cultural beliefs and practices are often opposed to the methods of modern U. S. Medicine. The Hmong people are made up of peoples from China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Indigenous to South East Asia, many of them resided in Laos until 1975 when Pathet Lao came into power and began to persecute them for their involvement (on behalf of the United States) in Vietnam. As a result of this political crackdown many Hmong fled Laos and have been accepted as refugees in many western countries including the United States. Although they are a largely diaspora population they have managed to hold onto their cultural traditions as well as assimilated (partially) to the culture s of their home countries. These traditions are passed down from elders to youth and are a strong pillar through which the Hmong are able to maintain their history and community. Currently there are 245,000 Hmong people residing in the United States, most of which live in California, Minnesota and Washington. As their numbers grow so does the importance of dynamic care practices that can better suit their medical needs. The Hmong are a primarily Shamanistic culture, with a strong reverence for ancestral spirits. Their beliefs in spirits are not regulated to simply deceased family members, but in all things both animate and inanimate. These spirits reside in a mirrored Spirit realm, where the spirits of their ancestors and also that of trees dwell. The individual is thought to have multiple spirits residing in them that regulate both the spiritual and physical health of the person. Illness is thought to come from evil spirits who attempt to harm the native spirits that reside in individual’s body. These spirits are the cause of all illness and exist in the spirit realm. It is to be noted that these spirits exist on the same plane as regular mortals, however the deity Saub made us blind to them after conflicts between the spirits and the mortals. It is only through the utilization of shamans that we may access them, and treat illness. As the malevolent spirits descend on the body, they may cause the native spirits to leave their human host, this is thought to be manifested in the physical world as serious illness. The Hmong believe that illness is intrinsically linked with a spiritual imbalance, therefore the Shaman is called upon to conduct rituals to bring back the wayward spirit and to discern the cause of its leaving. These beliefs can be in direct opposition to the belief of modern medicine, which relies heavily on scientific and empirical evidence. The simple diagnosis of illness can be greatly impeded when the patient believes that their rash comes from evil spirits as opposed to the contact of a poisonous material. Also this can breed a general distrust of western medication, when for centuries the answers to illness have always lied with the shaman and not with pills and elixirs. The language barrier also is challenging, but in a novel way, whole concepts in the Hmong culture are untranslatable, and the nuances in regional practices of the Hmong make each group individual in their phrasings and pronunciations. Even with the assistance of a native translator many concepts remain completely lost in translation, especially for American nurses who are often the first line of care for these people. Traditionally when a Hmong person becomes sick they are taken to see the community Shaman. The Shaman is considered a very important member of Hmong society as they are able to communicate and travel with spirits. They serve the role of both doctor and priest in that they care for the physical and spiritual wellbeing of the person. Because of the link between spiritual and physical illness, it is held that the main means to achieve health wellness is through ritual to appease the spirits. This can be dangerous to the person as their illness may go undiagnosed and untreated as the afflicted wait for the results of the ritual to affect them. Among the largest problems with treating the Hmong is noncompliance, as their tradition may prevent them from actually utilizing the medicine given to them from western hospitals and pharmacies. The treatment of psychological disorders in the Hmong people also poses a unique challenge to western health professionals. In the Hmong tradition those with unexplained psychological illnesses such as bi-polar disorder, schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder, and some neurological disorders (i. e. epilepsy) are considered to be chosen to become shamans. The symptoms with these maladies are often closely associated with spiritual intervention such as: multiple personalities exhibited being the manifestation of different spirits attempting to possess the body, or epileptic seizures being a communication from spiritual forces. This has caused these disorders to be revered in the Hmong tradition and have led to many of them going undiagnosed. The usual protocol for such episodes are for the child (as these ailments often present themselves in childhood) to be blessed and sent to learn with a shaman teacher, so that they may use their gifts for the community and become a shaman themselves. As shamans are highly respected and important members of the community any attempt to stifle or diminish their gifts can be construed as going against the wishes of ancestral spirits. To have a shaman in ones family is considered one of the highest honors, thus creating a situation where the illness goes both undiagnosed and untreated. Interactions between American health professionals and the Hmong people have even been documented in the book The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman where culture clashes between ignorant parents and culturally insensitive medical staff ends very tragically for a young girl diagnosed with epilepsy. The combination of the Hmong parents unwillingness to trust the medicines of the Merced doctors and doctors unwillingness to understand the culture of the Hmongs and to tailor the care of the daughter unfortunately end in the girl in a vegetative state. This book goes through the history of the Hmong and makes the reader understand the nature aversion they have to medicines. To them healing is their religion, and to these people the American method of medicine is entirely too invasive. They feel we cut and defile bodies, we take too much blood and we cause dramatic personality changes with our drugs. This failure to understand these concerns is damning for Lia Lee (the little girl) and led to both noncompliance and also fear about regarding possible surgeries for the very young child. This book is assigned reading for many medical programs and is compelling read, The importance of its theme of cultural understanding cannot be stressed enough. When Lia was brought to the emergency room for the last time, the staff at the hospital assumed that she had a big seizure because of her parent’s unwillingness to give her seizure medications that had been prescribed. They all silently agreed that it was just a matter of when. It was to the disappointment of many and a shock to Neil Ernst and his wife Peggy Philp when another neurologist who had treated Lia previously announced that it was septic shock and not under medication that had caused the â€Å"big one†. The fact that Neil Ernst did order a septic workup on Lia indicated that he was not treating her symptoms but was had used previous experience with the parent’s noncompliance as all- purpose explanation that blinded him from seeing exploring other more obvious possibilities of Lia illness. The role of the nurse as educator is paramount in these situations. A nurse when performing her role in the health care setting always has the opportunity to bridge the gap between the patient and the physcians. Anne Fadiman after researching the book for eight years ascertains that â€Å"We do not know if Lia would be able to walk and talk today had she been treated by Arthur Kleinman instead of by Neil Ernst and Peggy Philp. However, I have come to believe that her life was ruined not by septic shock or noncompliant parents but by cross-cultural misunderstanding. † In modern medicine there has been an increased prominence put in patient education and understanding. What could have saved Lia’s life is a more tailored course of treatment that both respected her families beliefs while also allowing for the benefits of modern medicine. When helping patients it is always important to respect their cultures and traditions, but it is more important to build understanding between their traditions and what will best allow them to get better. Nurses can play the greatest role in building cross-cultural trust, when they (as the first line of care) educate patients on their medications and dietary recommendations. In a more diverse America we will need more Nurses to be able to not only respect cultural boundaries, but foster cultural cooperation to better treat all patients.

Death Of A Salesman Literary Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 896 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Death Of A Salesman Essay Did you like this example? Death of a Salesman Literary Analysis What would someone expect to be the outcome of a man who has given his passionate worship to the goddess of success sold out in the American promise of equality of opportunity for anyone to achieve the highest possible financial and material comfort? Such is the man, an aging father clinging on to the assurance of the reward of customer charming, who Arthur Miller depicts in his play, Death of a Salesman. A look into the character of Willy Loman reveals a disenchanted dreamer with an illusion, routinely vexed by his non-fulfilment, and once when confronted with the utter bankruptcy of his aspirations, cannot stand himself anymore.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Death Of A Salesman: Literary Analysis" essay for you Create order While the American Dream lays its groundwork of success on hard work, Willy tailored his version of the dream based on observation of his brothers success. Ben had left for Alaska, a wilderness in Africa where he lucked into a lot of wealth by discovering a diamond mine. Willy concluded that to be successful, a man needed to be charismatic and that a well-liked and personally attractive person is the sole guarantee of business success, a notion that set him up for failure. His dream, to become a great man, profoundly admired and revered by others, is one he holds throughout his life, and choosing the work of a salesman as a means to achieve it, he devotedly focuses on charming his way to success despite the fact that there are other role models in society who have realistically achieved their financial success through hard work. Charley is Willys next door neighbor who runs a successful business with his son Bernard, himself a successful attorney. Even though Willy admirers his success, he is jealous and dismisses him that hes liked, but hes not well liked. Willys sons admiration of Bernard who is headed to the Supreme Court to argue a case is another of Willys objects of frustration. Failing to recognize that charm alone without the knowledge and hard work would not guarantee success, Willy holds on tightly to his job despite working solely on commission, and so strong is his delusion that when he is fired from the job, he turns down a job offer just to retain his pride. Striving to cope with his frustrations, he finds opportunity in his son Biff to further his ambition for success by having him fulfill the dream on his behalf, a move that draws his other son Happy into the ordeal in his quest to attain his fathers attention and approval. A football star in high school with a scholarship to play football in college, Biff greatly appealed to his fathers distorted perception that being liked is the qualification for success, so much that he failed to emphasize the importance of education to his sons, consequently causing Biff to flunk a semester of math without the credits which he wouldnt make it to college. Overlooking Biffs enlightenment, he imposes his inflated ambitions on his sons, aspirations Biff does not wish to pursue and one that Happy only tries to embody just to receive the acknowledgment of his father, who sees no potential in him. In spite of Biff having talent in his athleticism, he finds himself discouraged due to feelings that he is disappointing his father and letting down his expectations. Further increasing the dysfunction in the family, Happy in his bid to attain his fathers favor ends up becoming like his father. He assimilates the faulty perspective of his father concerning the world and success, placing value on wealth and popularity over integrity, dignity, and education, and eventually, he ends up truly unhappy. Linda is Willys loving and devoted wife who is more realistic and sees through her husbands deluded dreams and failures enduringly. Her standing by him throughout the play wins the admiration of his sons who at one time confess to not being able to find a marriageable woman like their mother. This emphasizes the betrayal Biff feels when he catches his father cheating on his mother with another woman. He decides not to attend summer school to secure his math credits which would have enabled him to go to college. He flees from his father, moving to the west where he is not able to keep his jobs at farms as he had developed a tendency to steal. Frustrations mount in Willys family who enters into suicidal attempts. He inhales gas and purposely gets himself into car accidents. Biffs return from the West, though striking a reconciliatory note with his father, exposes the deteriorating flawed character of his father. His short-temper leads any conversation into altercation leaving no model example for his sons, and when he eventually learns that Biff still loves him, he makes the final step of taking his life so that Biff can receive the life insurance money and invest in his future. Arthur Millers portrayal of the struggle Willy goes through in his acceptance of the falsehood of his distorted version of the American dream, and his failure to realize Biffs disinterest in it shows not only the flaws in material wealth illusion but also the important notion that individuals measure success differently. Where one individual finds contentment in career development, the other measure success in wealth and respect. Material wealth is not guaranteed to happiness, and hot pursuit of financial success can lead to destruction.